Metadrama In Shakespeare Essay - 2636 Words

‘Shakespeare’s plays reflect not life but art.’ Make use of this remark in writing an essay on Shakespeare’s use of Metadrama. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare constantly plays with metadrama and the perception of his plays as theatre and not life with the complications inherent that in life we all play roles and perceive life in different ways. The play has recognition of its existence as theatre, which has relevance to a contemporary world that is increasingly aware of precisely how its values and practices are constructed and legitimised through perceptions of reality. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Critic Mark Currie posits that metadrama allows its readers a better understanding of the fundamental structures of narrative†¦show more content†¦This essay examines the various metadramatic constructions that Shakespeare used to achieve this and examines the effect of these dramatic constructs for the audience. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dramatic constructions were written to be presented and understood in performance. The nature of these constructions lies in how they are assembled. How the words work with and against each other – ambiguity, paradox, pun, literary and cultural reference. Some aspects of the works are conscious, some unconscious but the playwright’s intentions do not matter as we the audience view the art first and then the artist. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are certain conventions used in Elizabethan theatre. The audience needs to know how these conventions work before they can accept them. As there were only two or three professional theatre groups operating at the time Shakespeare knew his audience and there is evidence to suggest that he wrote specifically for these people who no doubt kept returning because they enjoyed the way he wrote and the experience of the play. One convention which foregrounds the theatrical is the ‘aside’ where for example Hamlet speaks very loudly so that the audience who may be ten meters away can hear him clearly and yet another person on the stage only three meters away cannot hear a word. The audience accepts this as a knownShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Harold Pinter s The Lover2155 Words   |  9 Pagesconversations. As Burns maintains , by means of theatricality (and meta-drama), theatre can function as an agent of social change , and draw attention not only to itself (as theatre) but also to life , the world , and social institutions. In Drama, Metadrama, and Perception (1982), Richard Hornby sees the relationship between theatre and life from a Structuralist and a Poststructuralist view, in which meaning is carried by a system as a whole. In this sense, each play, relates to other plays as a systemRead More Essay on Narcissism and Metadrama in Richard II2800 Words   |  12 PagesNarcissism and Metadrama in Richard II  Ã‚  Ã‚      Over the last thirty years, Shakespeare criticism has demonstrated a growing awareness of the self-reflexive or metadramatic elements in his works. Lionel Abel’s 1963 study, Metatheatre: A New View of Dramatic Form, provided perhaps the first significant analysis of the ways in which Shakespeare thematizes theatricality, in the broadest sense of the term, in his tragedies, comedies, and histories. In his discussion of Hamlet, he makes the observation—perhapsRead MoreThe Roles of Polonius in The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay2058 Words   |  9 Pages Shakespeares reasons behind the creation of such a significant secondary character are important to the play as a whole. Polonius roles add a crucial dimension to the plays development of plot, the characterization of Hamlet, and the themes Shakespeare ultimately conveys. From his first appearances, Polonius seems to be playing the wise old man; he imparts much worldly wisdom to his children--Ophelia and Laertes. In his lecture to his daughter, he claims experience in the matters of love:Read More Politics, Power, and Purpose in Shakespeares Measure for Measure6619 Words   |  27 Pages by virtue of the medium, social and political. Recapturing these social and political meanings, as they existed in the moment of the plays first performance, is the central project of a great deal of contemporary, so-called New Historicist Shakespeare scholarship. New Historicists see the play in performance as a cultural manifestation of issues and concepts being acted out in the society at large. The theatre in Early Modern England (the preferred New Historicist term for The Renaissance)

Jane Eyre Sexism - 1879 Words

In the cases of Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice and Emily Brontes Jane Eyre, the ideals of romantic love are very much the same. In both 19th century novels, womens wants and needs are rather simplified. However, this could also be said for the roles and ideals of the male characters. While it was obvious that this era was responsible for a large amount of anti-female sexism in society and the economy, can it also be said that male-female partnerships were simplified from the male perspective? br brIn Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, it is widely agreed that the character of Jane Bennet is, in all aspects, the perfect 19th century woman. She has beauty, charm, manners, a little intelligence (but not too much), and is very†¦show more content†¦br brObviously, any time one person is more of an ideal than a human to their lover, the relationship is not well. Jane wants Rochester to let her be herself after the marriage, and she believes he will give in on this and other points. In this novel, Rochester is shown to portray a male trait of wanting to control her. Rochester argues with Jane whether or not she will dress and act as he wants when they are married. This part of the story shows a sometimes-common trait in women of being overly optimistic in a relationship with a man. It also shows a sometimes-common trait in men of being overly possessive and jealous. This trait can exist in either of the sexes, however. br brIn conclusion, a few things should be stipulated when thinking about possible sexist overtones toward men and women in 19th century novels. First, to say this does not undermine the obvious and quite definite struggle of women to obtain social and economic equality. Women have always been seen in society as somewhat below men, which is the epitome of sexism. However, it can also be said that mens roles and views were simplified to such an extent as to show some semblance of sexism. This can be seen in either Pride and Prejudice or Jane Eyre. br brAlso, in a discussion of male-female loving relationships, one must include the science of evolution. The ways in which living organisms develop over a great period of time is important to our understanding ofShow MoreRelatedSexism in Jane Eyre1870 Words   |  8 Pagesor social status) had only one remaining position, to become a governess. Charlotte Brontà «, through her protagonist Jane Eyre, clearly depicts the struggles of an indigent young woman who is forced into being a governess. The tale of Jane Eyre is clearly articulated by Adrienne Rich in her essay entitled â€Å"Jane Eyre: The Temptations of a Motherless Woman,† when she states that Jane wants to â€Å"choose her life with dignity, integrity, and pride† (471). Even though Brontà « depicts a woman who will notRead More Sexism Exposed in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSexism Exposed in Brontà «s Jane Eyre       The Victorian era in England marked a period of unprecedented technological, scientific, political, and economic advancement.   By the 1840s, the English had witnessed remarkable industrial achievements including the advent of the railways and the photographic negative.   They had witnessed the expansion of the Empire, and, as a result, were living in a time of great economic stability.   Yet they had also seen thousands of people starving-and dying-dueRead MoreEssay about Jane Eyre: The Effect of a Patriarchal Society 1721 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Brontà « composed her novel Jane Eyre during the Victorian era; a period of history where Patriarchy set the expectations of men and women. The effect of this social system resulted in women suffering discrimination simply because of their gender. Sigmund Freud, in his essay entitled, â€Å"The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,† articulated that women were only capable of having erotic wishes dominate their â €Å"phantasies,† and even their ambitious â€Å"phantasies† were rooted in erotic wishes (177)Read MoreJane Eyre : A True Love Story1875 Words   |  8 Pagesset these two women apart, their use of symbolism can be closely compared to one another. Wide Sargasso Sea, the prelude to Jane Eyre, paints a picture of how accounts and understandings differ from each novel, creating a sense of characters pasts being unavoidable. The Wide Sargasso Sea is an imaginative and innovative rejoinder to Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is a true love story in many aspects, yet it would not be a true love story if there weren’t complications and disadvantagesRead MoreEssay on Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice1903 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights, Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice Wuthering Heights presents the theme of love within and outside of marriage. This book has a major female character whose marriage conflicts in some way with her ideal of love. Catherines first love is Heathcliff. She falls in love with him as both grow up together. Yet she finds a different kind of love with Edgar Linton. Catherine decides to marry Edgar, who can satisfy her civilized side. When Heathcliff returnsRead MoreRelationship Between Men and Women: Jane Eyre and The Handmaids Tale1775 Words   |  8 Pages Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre entails a social criticism of the oppressive social ideas and practices of nineteenth-century Victorian society. The presentation of male and female relationships emphases men’s domination and perceived superiority over women. Jane Eyre is a reflection of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own observation on gender roles of the Victorian era, from the vantage point of her position as governess much like Jane’s. Margaret Atwood’s novel was written during a period of conservative revival in theRead MoreEssay on Analysis From Feminist/Gender Critic Of Book Wicked1926 Words   |  8 Pagesthe other hand, gender/feminist critics have been able to analyze the Wizard of Oz as well as Wicked, in order to find a more elaborate meaning behind the story itself. They have discussed what lies behind the story when it comes to the issue of sexism and masculinity towards the book itself as well as the characters. There are many concepts as well that he lp to further explain feminism and gender criticism. The four concepts that will be discussed later on are gender, feminist writings, patriarchalRead MoreEssay about The Introduction of Feminist Criticism1815 Words   |  8 Pagesview, emphasizing the textual analysis approach and revealing the sexual discrimination in creation and criticism area, the American criticism aims at constructing their own critical criteria, and can be divided into three phases: criticism of male sexism in the androtexts, discovery of the women writers in history or spade work gynotexts; and feminist discourse for female identity (Leitch 1988:307). 2.1.1 The first phase The first phase lasted from the late 1960s to the early 1970s, with

Reseach on Leukemia Free Essays

string(97) " of leukemia usually gets worse quickly and sometimes referred to as acute lymphocytic leukemia\." â€Å"LEUKEMIA† CANCER OF THE BLOOD INTRODUCTION â€Å"You have to realize that every well person is a miracle, it takes billions of cells to make up a person, and it will only take one cell to be bad to destroy the whole person†, this quote is from Barbara Bush from one of her past interviews about a daughter she lost with leukemia (Cunningham, 1988). This quote reminded me five years ago, when my niece was diagnosed with leukemia. She does not only have one bad cell inside her body but she has extra 330,000 counts of white blood cells that are not normal. We will write a custom essay sample on Reseach on Leukemia or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was summer of year 2008 when my niece who is freshmen in high school was diagnosed with leukemia or cancer of the blood. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in the tissue that forms blood and affects the bone marrow (Anonymous A, 2012). Leukemia is found in white blood cells or leukocytes which characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells called â€Å"blast†, they do not fully form as they should and thereby blocking production of functioning blood cells. Unlike normal blood cells, leukemia cells don’t die when they should. They may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This makes it hard for normal blood cells to do their work (Anonymous A 2012). Experiencing this type of cancer in our family makes me realize how a healthy body is truly a blessing that everybody should appreciate and learn how to take care of. Leukemia may not be the worst cancer we have right now, but many people of all ages suffer from this disease. According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (2012), an estimated 274,930 people in the United States are living with or are in remission from Leukemia and an estimated 44,600 new cases of leukemia are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2011. It is also said that leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children and adolescents and is the tenth most frequently occurring type cancer of all races or ethnicities (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Leukemia is a cancer that has a significant effect on our society, it is a non-sexist or ageist cancer that we should be aware of and be educated more on. BODY I. HISTORY OF LEUKEMIA Leukemia was first observed in 1845 by a pathologist named Rudolf Virchow. He observed an abnormal large number of white blood cells in a blood sample from a patient and called this condition â€Å"Leukamie† in German, which he formed from the two Greek words leukos, meaning â€Å"white† and aima, meaning â€Å"blood†. Ten years after this discovery, another pathologist, Franz Ernst Christian Neumann found that a deceased leukemia patient’s bone marrow was colored â€Å"dirty green-yellow† as opposed normal red colored. This finding helped Neumann to conclude that a bone marrow problem was responsible for the abnormal blood leukemia patients. In 1947 pathologist Sydney Farber believed from past experiments that administering, a folic acid mimic, could potentially cure leukemia for children. In 1962, researchers Emil J. Freireich Jr. and Emil Frei III used combination of chemotherapy to attempt to cure leukemia, the test were successful with some patients surviving long after the tests (Patlak, 1998). II. FOUR TYPES OF LEUKEMIA Leukemia is grouped by how quickly the disease develops (acute or chronic), as well as by the type of blood cells that is affected (lymphocytes or myelocytes) (Anonymous A. 012). Acute leukemia cells increases rapidly and usually worsens quickly than chronic leukemia. There are four main types of leukemia which includes acute lymphocytic leukemia â€Å"ALL†, chronic lymphocytic leukemia â€Å"CLL†, acute myelocytic leukemia â€Å"AML†, and chronic myelocytic leukemia â€Å"CML†. * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia â€Å"CLL† is the most common type of leukemia (Bazell, 2011). It affects the lymphoid cells and usually grows slowly or gets worst slowly. It is also sometimes referred to as chronic lymphoblast leukemia (Anonymous B, 2012). Most often, people diagnosed with this type of leukemia are over the age of 55, it almost never affects children and more common in men than women. * Chronic myelogenous leukemia â€Å"CML† it is sometimes referred to as chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia. This type of leukemia affects the myeloid cells and usually gets worse slowly. This type of leukemia occurs frequently in adults in their 50’s and is rarely seen in children. CML is also classified into three district phases, the chronic phase, accelerated phase and the blast crisis. Knowing the CML phase plays a large part in determining the type of treatment a patient will receive (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Each phase describes the CML’s progression which determined by the number of blast cells. * Chronic Phase, this phase is made up of patients with fewer than five percent blast in their blood and bone marrow samples (The Survivors Club Staff, 2012). During this phase, the white cells can still fight infection. Patients in this phase have a very mild symptoms or not noticeable. In most cases, long term drug therapy can control this phase. Accelerated Phase, in this phase, the patients have more than five percent but less than thirty percent blast in their blood and bone marrow samples. Most patients within the accelerated phase suffer from loss of appetite and weight loss and do not respond as well as to traditional treatments. * Blast Crisis Phase or Acute Blast Phase, in this phase the patients has more than thirty percent blast cells and the cancer has spread from the bone marrow to other organs (The Survivor’s Club Staff, 2012). Because of elevated blast in the blood, this means lower than normal number of red blood cells and platelets. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia â€Å"ALL†, this is most common type of childhood leukemia, which accounts for about 3 out of 4 cases of leukemia in children. It usually occurs in children ages 2 through 5 years. This disease also affects adults especially those ages 65 and older. ALL is the most successful treated type of childhood leukemia (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). This type of leukemia usually gets worse quickly and sometimes referred to as acute lymphocytic leukemia. You read "Reseach on Leukemia" in category "Papers" * Acute Myelogenous Leukemia â€Å"AML† occurs more commonly in men than women and more with adults than children. The incidence of AML increases with age. This is a kind of leukemia that gets worse quickly and sometimes referred to as acyte myeloid leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia and myeloblastic leukemia (Anonymous, 2012). III. SIGNS SYMPTOMS OF LEUKEMIA Like many other cancer, leukemia usually is diagnosed when it is in the accelerated stage because people usually go to the doctor only when they feel sick, and most often than not the symptoms for leukemia manifest when there is already a large amount of blast in the blood. People with chronic leukemia may not even have symptoms until it is in the accelerated phase. Because leukemia is characterized by rapid increase in the number of immature blood cells and by the excessive buildup of relative mature, but still abnormal white blood cells. The crowding of blast in the blood makes the bone marrow unable to produce healthy blood cells which results in lack of red blood cells that carries oxygen, lack of platelets which is important in blood clotting process and lack of healthy white blood cells which are important in fighting infections. When there is lack of platelets in the body this result in easy bruising or bleeding. Lack of red blood cells leads to paleness and fatigue due to anemia. With lack of healthy white blood cells the body is susceptible to infections and this could lead to patient experiencing frequent infection ranging from infected tonsils, sores in the mouth or diarrhea to life threatening infections (Morgan, 2010). Other symptoms of chronic and acute leukemia may include fevers or night sweats, weight loss for no known reason, pain in the bones or joints, swelling or discomfort in the abdomen from a swollen spleen or liver. Having the symptoms mentioned above does not necessary mean that a person has leukemia. If a person is experiencing more than one of the symptoms it is best to check with their doctor or a health care provider and do some blood test, only then can the doctor tell if a person has leukemia or not. Ignoring warning signs and symptoms can make a treatable condition terminal. The sooner a person checks with their doctor the better chances they have in fighting any disease. III. CAUSE OF LEUKEMIA The exact cause of leukemia is not known and there is no known way to prevent this disease. Many doctors seldom know why one person gets leukemia and the other doesn’t (Anonymous A, 2012). However, according to the National Cancer Institute (2011), there are researches which show that certain risk factors increase the chance that a person will get leukemia. Some of the risk factors are radiation, smoking, benzene, chemotherapy, down syndrome and certain other inherited diseases, certain other blood disorders and family history of leukemia. Exposure to a very high level of radiation will make the person much more likely to get AML, CML and ALL. Exposure to radiation can come from atomic bomb explosions, radiation therapy and diagnostics x-rays. Smoking can also increase the risk of AMC. The average smoker is exposed to about 10 times the daily intake of benzene compared to nonsmokers (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Benzene is widely used in the chemical industry and it is also found in cigarette smoke and gasoline, exposure to benzene can increase a person’s risk of getting AMC. Chemotherapy, down syndrome and other inherited disease, certain blood disorder such as myelodysplastic syndrome and family history of leukemia are all linked with increasing the risk of leukemia. IV. TREATMENT The ability to listen to one’s body is an important first step in finding a problem, so it can be properly diagnosed and treated (Wedro, 2012). The diagnosis of leukemia starts by going to the doctor and having a blood test. If the person is tested positive for leukemia then bone marrow aspiration test might be needed to check for the blood cells that cause leukemia and what type of leukemia it is. People with leukemia have many treatment options these days. According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (2012), chances in surviving this disease is a lot better today than they were 40 years ago. The overall five-year survival rate for leukemia has nearly quadrupled in the past 50 years. From 1960 to 1963, the five-year relative survival rate among whites with leukemia was 14 percent, then it went up to 34. 4 percent from 1975 to 1977 and from 2001 to 2007, the overall relative survival rate was at 56. 6 percent. Treatment of this disease also depends on the type of leukemia, the age of the patient and if leukemia cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment for leukemia can be one or combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy and stem cell transplant. * Chemotherapy is probably the most common type of treatment for cancer. Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy leukemia cells. A patient may receive chemotherapy by mouth, which are pills that can be swallowed, by vein or tube inserted into the vein. Another way to receive the drug is through catheter where a tube is placed in a large vein in the upper chest and drugs will be injected into the catheter rather than directly into veins. The drugs can also be received into the cerebrospinal fluid by injecting drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid * Targeted therapy is another treatment for people with chronic myeloid leukemia and some with acute lymphoblast leukemia. This type of therapy use drugs such as Imatinib (Gleevec) tablets that block the growth of leukemia cells, it blocks the action of an abnormal protein that stimulates the rowth of leukemia cells (National Cancer Institute, 2011). * Biological therapy for leukemia is a treatment that improves the body’s natural defenses against the disease. This is a substance that can be injected directly into the muscle or can be given by IV infusion. * Radiation Therapy or radiotherapy is another treatment for leukemia; it uses high energy rays to kill leukemia cells. Som e people receive radiation therapy from a large machine that is aimed at the spleen, the brain, or other parts of the body where leukemia cells have collected. Others may receive radiation that is directly to the whole body. Radiotherapy is a standard treatment for many types of cancer (Anonymous, 2012). * Stem Cell Transplant is the replacement of damaged bone marrow cell with healthy cells. Stem cells that are used for transplants can be taken from bone marrow, from the bloodstream, or from umbilical cord blood. This treatment is used to treat the disease that damage or destroy the bone marrow and to restore the bone marrow after it has been destroyed by high doses of radiation and chemotherapy. Stem cells may come from the patient, from identical twin, family member and from other donor. People with acute leukemia need treatment right away and the goal of the treatment is to destroy signs of leukemia in the body and make symptoms go away. Many people with acute leukemia can be cured. (National Cancer Institute, 2011). If a person has chronic leukemia without symptoms, they may not need a cancer treatment right away. When treatment for chronic leukemia is needed, it can often control the disease and its symptoms. Unfortunately, CLL is probably incurable by present treatments as chronic leukemia can seldom be cured with chemotherapy. However, stem cell transplants offer people with chronic leukemia the chance for cure (National Cancer Institute, 2011). With all the technology available to us right now and with all the research and studies being done to find a new and better ways to treat leukemia, I’m hopeful that a cure for all types of leukemia will be discovered soon. CONCLUSION Learning you have leukemia or one of your loved ones have this disease can definitely change your live and the lives of those people around you. When we learned about my niece’s condition 5 years ago, there was a dramatic change in our family on how we viewed life and the importance of having a healthy body. My niece Shayna has gone through a lot of test, procedures and treatments because of this disease, it is probably her positive outlook in life and prayer that helped her fight this disease. Although Shayna is still taking Gleevec every day to block the growth of leukemia cells, her doctors already considered her to be in remission. She had normal blood counts for over four years now. In any disease, may it be cancer, diabetes, pneumonia or any life threatening or non-life threatening disease, it is important to listen to your body and do the first step of getting checked by a health care professional. It is also important to take life’s obstacle with a positive outlook and to have faith and hope from your love ones, from your health care provider, from yourself and from God, for all these would help a person deal and survive any disease. How to cite Reseach on Leukemia, Papers

Moderators of Transformational Leadership †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Moderators of Transformational Leadership. Answer: Introduction: The essay helps in understanding the concept of leadership management that has been followed by Dr. Manmohan Singh while he was the Prime Minister of India. The leadership style has to be analyzed properly that has been followed by him that helped him in coping up with different demands along with the expectations of the normal individuals. The main aim of the report is to analyze the style of leadership that has been followed by Dr. Manmohan Singh while he was the leader along with Prime Minister of India. The main purpose of the essay is to review the biography of Dr. Manmohan Singh along with identification of the different crucial events that has shaped the approach of leadership of Dr. Manmohan Singh. The conclusion will be based on the style of leadership that has been followed by Dr. Manmohan Singh during his tenure of being the Prime Minister of India. Proper analysis is required to be done on the crucial events in order to shape the style of leadership. Dr. Manmohan Singh was born in the year 1932 in the month of September 26th at Gah, West Punjab, India that is now shifted to Pakistan. He was the Indian economist as well as politician and he became the Prime Minister of India in the year 2004 and continued his career in the post of Prime Minister till 2014. He was the first Sikh along with the first non Indian to occupy the office of Prime Minister. Dr. Manmohan Singh attended the University of Punjab along with University of Cambridge situated in Great Britain. Later, he has earned degree of doctorate from University of Oxford (Strom, Sears Kelly, 2014). In the year 1970, he has been named in a series of the advisory posts in the economics and later he became the frequent consultant to different Prime Ministers. Furthermore, he worked with Reserve Bank of India as the director along with governor as well. Later, when he was made the finance minister in the year 1991, there was a verge of economic collapse in the country. Dr. Manmohan Singh has devalued rupee, lowered the taxes as well as privatized the industries that were run by the state. He helped in transforming the economy of the entire country and he helped in sparking a boom in the entire economy as well (Sethuraman Suresh, 2014). He was the member of the Lok Sabha as well as Rajya Sabha in the year 1996 but he was defeated. Dr. Manmohan Singh presided over the economy that was expanding in nature but the precipitated rise in the cost of the fuel has marked a huge rise in the inflationary rate that had threatened the ability of the government in order to provide different subsidies to the poor people in the country. In respect of meeting the demands of the country, Dr. Manmohan Singh entered into different kinds of negotiations with the president of United States George W. Bush for corporation pact that was nuclear in nature. This particular deal helped India in receiving fuel technology for the different nuclear plants along with provided proper ability to purchase the nuclear plant in the entire market of world. In the proper elections of the parliament in the month of May in the year 2009, Congress has increased the number of seats in legislature; Dr. Manmohan Singh took office as the prime minister for second time. The slow movement in the growth of the economy in India along with further legislations of corruption against the Congress party individuals was hampered during the second term of Dr. Manmohan Singh. This has led to the deterioration in the popularity of the entire party with the entire population of voting. In the year 2014, Dr. Manmohan Singh announced that he would not seek the third term as the Prime Minister in the Lok Sabha. He left his seat in the month of May 26th and on that particular date, Narendra Modi was declared as the Prime Minister of India. In the era of the drastic change, the main focus is on the management function that is related to social as well as political entity of the entity of the business. There are different kinds of leadership styles that have been followed by Dr. Manmohan Singh during his tenure as the Prime Minister of India (Paustian-Underdahl, Walker Woehr, 2014). The different kinds of leadership styles that have been followed are as follows: Authoritarian Participative Delegative The leadership named as Authoritarian style generally occurs wherein the different decisions are taken by the manager and the approach of the leadership that is followed by the manager in the organization or in the politics is the top down approach. The role of the different employees in the organization is nonexistent in nature and there is no execution of the commands that are received from the management (Triana, Richard Ycel 2017). This kind of style is followed by different managers in the organization when the simultaneous conditions are met by the different leaders of the organization. The leader is the head of the different decisions that are taken by them and this is not applicable on the employees of the organization along with there is no such delegation of tasks as well (ztekin, i Karada? 2015). The second kind of leadership that is followed is participative style wherein the different kinds of decisions of how as well as what to do are based on the different kinds of communication as well as the information that are collected from the different staff members of the entire organization (Yahaya Ebrahim, 2016). The final decision is of the manager of the organization as well but the employees of the different organizations have the right to speak and put their opinions properly as well. This is the kind of leadership style that is interpreted as the sign of the weakness but it is not the fact of the move, but this is the kind of style of leadership that has provided proper importance to the views of the employees (Renko et al., 2015). This kind of leadership has helped in providing proper value to the employees in the organization with providing proper financial incentive that helps in stimulating the employees job performance in order to increase the sales and this has helped in increasing the job satisfaction of the employees as well. Apart from the satisfaction of the employees, the entire benefit also relies on the ability of the employees to make better, informed and accurate decisions as well. It can be inferred that the participative style of leadership is the sign of the strength and it is easy to implement such leadership style as this will help in possessing the different kinds of information along with understanding the importance of employees as well (Girma, 2016). The third style of leadership is the Delegative or free reign style of leadership wherein the management has the minimal role in taking up different important decisions in the management and the entire responsibility has been provided on the staff members of the organization (Laschinger, Read Zhu, 2016). The proper delegation of tasks is performed by the employees of the entire organization and this has helped the employees in the organization to take part in the different kind of activities that are performed by the entire organization. This is the best kind of leadership that can be implemented by different organizations as this will help in providing proper importance to the employees in the organization as well. Whenever the manager of the organization is handling different kinds of task, it is suggested to the manager of the organization to delegate the different kinds of task as this will help in finishing the different kinds of task on time. The tasks can be properly delegate d to the employees wherein he can delegate the different chores; there are different kinds of risk that are involved in this kind of the style of the leadership style. The style of leadership that has been adopted by Dr. Manmohan Singh while his tenure of the Prime Minister in India, he followed the participative style of leadership as this helped him in delegating the different tasks to the subordinates and he respected the opinions of the opinions of the leaders (Clinebell et al., 2013). Dr. Manmohan Singh is the 14th Prime Minister of India and he is the only individual who has been respected politically as well as the different communities that are related to academics as the thinker along with scholar as well. Dr. Manmohan Singh is the notable member of international community along with the recipient of the numerous awards as well. The leadership style that has been followed by Dr. Manmohan Singh is participative style of leadership wherein he provided different opportunities to the members of the legislations in keeping their viewpoints properly as this helped him along with the members to understand the opinions properly and this has helped him in solving different matters in the tenure of his being the Prime Minister of India. While Dr. Manmohan Singh was appointed as the Prime Minister of India, the leadership style that was followed by the previous leader was autocratic leadership that was in the year 1990 and when Dr. Manmohan Singh became the prime minister of India (Samad et al., 2015). With the autocratic leadership style, the health of the country was not up to the mark and the country was in great trouble as well (Arnold et al., 2015). The country was in great verge of bankruptcy and this was creating lot of trouble for the different individuals as well. During this crucial time, the new Prime Minist er Dr. Manmohan Singh understood the requirements of the individuals of the country and the entire necessity of the reforms that were introducing in nature and this helped in understanding the entire requirement of the kind of leadership that was required to be implemented in the country to improve the different situations that was affecting the lives of the normal individuals in the society along with improvement in the different kinds of reforms in the entire country as well (Keskes, 2014). Dr. Manmohan Singh convinced the subalterns with the help of autocratic decisions as this is the style of leadership that was required at that point of time and this helped him in introducing liberalization in the economy as well. The main accomplishments of Dr. Manmohan Singh were the entire economy liberalization, proper change in the corporate affairs as well as the different improvements that were required in the country as well. The Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh helped in improving the different standards of living in meeting the different expectations of the individuals (Frankel PGCMS, 2017). Few days ago, when Dr. Manmohan Singh militated the participative style of leadership in the country when he made proper urge in the international community that included Africa in the entire process of decision making as well as to intensify the endeavors in order to properly support the regional development in the country as well. The participative style of leadership has helped him in maintaining proper peace in the entire community among the individuals in the country as this was the kind of leadership wherein the different requirements of the country was properly understood by Dr. Manmohan Singh and this helped him in introducing the participative style of leadership wherein the decisions and the other ideas of the normal individuals along with the subordinates were taken into action as well in order to maintain the different expectations as well as the demands of the individuals as well. Dr. Manmohan Singh also followed the Delegative style of leadership along with the participative style of leadership wherein he mentioned the friendly behavior that was required in order to reduce the corruption from the entire country. Furthermore, it is not believable that the achievement that has been made by him was only due to him, but the team members or the subordinates helped him in achieving the different goals for the different activities (Clarke, 2013). The crucial event that has shaped the leadership style of Dr. Manmohan Singh while his tenure as the leader for the entire country, it was seen that he has handled different kinds of situations in the entire country with the proper style of Delegative as well as participative leadership style. With the mixture of three kinds of leadership, Dr. Manmohan Singh has achieved the crucial development in the regional endeavors as this helped him in intensifying the different kinds of decision making for the progress of the entire country as well (Reardon et al., 2013). Dr. Manmohan Singh has implemented all the three kinds of style of leadership as this helped him in being successful in different fields of politics as the Prime Minister of India as well as the finance minister as well. He has the proper ability to cope up with different difficulties that were faced by the different normal individuals in the entire country with proper cooperation and with the proper combination of the style of leadership as well. The leadership style of the Prime Minister has helped in achieving the different difficult goals of the country as the condition of the country was not up to the mark and this has huge influence on the living of the normal individuals as well (Aydin, Sarier Uysal, 2013). While becoming the Prime Minister of India, he has seen that the situation of the India was very poor and the country was in verge of bankruptcy and he handled the entire situation with proper implementation of strategies wherein he allowed the different team members along with the subordinates to provide their different ideas regarding the different issues that are faced by the entire country. This has helped him in managing the entire situation with proper style of leadership that helped him in analyzing the decisions as well as took proper decisions as well. Therefore, it can inferred that the world today is fiercer in nature in different aspects and the proper leadership style is essential to be followed by the leaders as this will help in dealing with requirements of the individuals along with the entire country. Dr. Manmohan Singh has followed the mixture of participative, Delegative as well as autocratic leadership style as this has helped in maintaining proper authority in the different kinds of decisions that are taken by him for the welfare of the entire country. Due to the proper implementation of the different leadership styles, it was easy for him to maintain proper peace in the country and he saved the entire country from the state of bankruptcy as well that was a crucial event in India. References Arnold, K. A., Connelly, C. E., Walsh, M. M., Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Leadership styles, emotion regulation, and burnout.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,20(4), 481. Aydin, A., Sarier, Y., Uysal, S. (2013). The Effect of School Principals' Leadership Styles on Teachers' Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction.Educational sciences: Theory and practice,13(2), 806-811. Clarke, S. (2013). 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